Abstract
Millions of tons of different organic waste form in the world every year, but only a little part of waste is suitable for biogas production, while its rest part can't be used for biogas production because of different reasons and is utilized using other methods or deposited in landfills. Organic waste, produced in our country, is mixed very often with different kinds of municipal or industrial waste. For a successful use of anaerobic organic waste treatment technologies, a maximal decrease of its harmful effect on the environment, and reaching of a maximum economic efficiency, it is necessary to sort organic waste (or better, not to mix it with other inorganic waste from the very start). Experimental investigation with fruit, vegetable and meat waste are presented in the paper. The aim of the investigation was to observe the concentrations of released methane and oxygen gases as well as to measure temperature changes.
Highlights
Millions of tons of different organic waste form in the world every year, but only a little part of waste is suitable for biogas production, while its rest part can’t be used for biogas production because of different reasons and is utilized using other methods or deposited in landfills
Filtratas susidaro krituliams ir kitiems skysèiams migruojant per atliekø sluoksná
Fiksuojama biodestrukcijos proceso trukmë, iðsiskirianèio metano ir deguonies koncentracijos bei temperatûros pokyèiai
Summary
Svarbiausi ilgalaikiai atliekø tvarkymo tikslai sukurti aplinkosaugos ir ekonominiu poþiûriu tinkamiausià nepavojingø ir pavojingø atliekø tvarkymo sistemà, sumaþinti atliekø srautus ir neigiamà atliekø poveiká aplinkai bei þmoniø sveikatai, uþtikrinti racionalø jø naudojimà antriniam perdirbimui ir energetikai [1]. Sàvartynø dujos susidaro mikroorganizmams skaidant organines atliekas anaerobinëje (be deguonies) aplinkoje. Ðiø dujø sudëtyje yra apie 4060 % metano, o kità dalá sudaro anglies dvideginis ir nedideli kiekiai, daþniausiai tik procento dalys, kitø cheminiø junginiø. Metanas ir anglies dvideginis ðiltnamio efektà sukelianèios dujos. Todël á atmosferà patekusios sàvartynø dujos kenkia aplinkai stiprëja ðiltnamio efektas, gali kilti sprogimø ir gaisrø, kenkia augalams bei kelia pavojø þmoniø sveikatai [6]. Eksperimento tikslas nustatyti organiniø atliekø biodegradacijos metu iðsiskirianèiø biodujø kiekius ir koncentracijas, optimizuojant anaerobinës destrukcijos sàlygas. Darþoviø ir mësos atliekø eksperimentiniai tyrimai: eksperimento metu pripildytos talpyklos laikomos hermetiðkoje aplinkoje. Fiksuojama biodestrukcijos proceso trukmë, iðsiskirianèio metano ir deguonies koncentracijos bei temperatûros pokyèiai. Fiksuojamas biodestrukcijos proceso laikas ir iðsiskirianèio metano bei deguonies koncentracijos, temperatûros pokyèiai. Viso eksperimento metu tiriamos keturiø rûðiø atliekos jas sluoksniuojant su pjuvenomis ir keramzitu: talpykla vaisiø ir darþoviø atliekos, sluoksniuotos su pjuvenomis; talpykla vaisiø ir darþoviø atliekos, sluoksniuotos su keramzitu; talpykla vaisiø ir darþoviø atliekos be uþpildø; talpykla vaisiø, darþoviø bei mësos atliekos be uþpildø; talpykla vaisiø, darþoviø bei mësos atliekos, sluoksniuotos su keramzitu; talpykla vaisiø, darþoviø bei mësos atliekos, sluoksniuotos su pjuvenomis; talpykla mësos atliekos, sluoksniuotos su keramzitu; talpykla mësos atliekos, sluoksniuotos su pjuvenomis; talpykla mësos atliekos be uþpildø
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