Abstract

In thermal protection systems (TPS), Darcy’s law or Darcy-Forchheimer’s law is employed to model the pyrolysis gas flow within the anisotropic porous ablator depending on the flow regime considered. A key challenge with using these laws is first, the knowledge of the validity domain of each flow regime in terms of a critical Reynolds number (Rec). Secondly, the lack of data on macroscopic properties, namely, the permeability and Forchheimer tensors is particularly challenging for the relevance of the models. The objective of this work is to contribute to overcoming these challenges by performing experimental and X-ray tomographic image-based characterization of Calcarb, a commercial carbon preform used for manufacturing TPS. For this purpose, fluid flow within Calcarb was studied experimentally in the Through-Thickness (TT) and the In-Plane (IP) directions for Reynolds numbers of 0.05 to 10.46 -representative of the TPS application. Tomography image-based micro-scale simulations, involving the direct resolution of the Navier–Stokes equations under both flow regimes, were also performed. Experimental results exhibit the anisotropic nature of Calcarb, namely through Rec values, corresponding to the Darcy flow regime limit, slightly different in the two directions (Rec of 0.31 and 0.43) with measured permeability values of 1.248×10−10 m2 and 1.615×10−10 m2 for TT and IP directions respectively. In the Forchheimer regime, experimental Forchheimer coefficients β were 2.0010×105 m−1 (TT) and 1.4948×105 m−1 (IP). During the simulation process, a numerical strategy was defined to obtain the permeability tensor yielding values within 8% of the experimental ones. The comparison of experimental results vs simulation results in the Forchheimer regime was performed through the analysis of the pressure gradients as functions of Re in the x, y, and z directions. The numerical estimations were compared successfully with experimental measurements, with a discrepancy of 5.2%, for Re values up to 2.4.

Full Text
Paper version not known

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.