Experimental infection of emus ( Dromaiius novaehollandiae ) with avian influenza viruses of varying virulence: Clinical signs, virus shedding and serology

Abstract

Two groups of emus were experimentally inoculated with a low and high pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus (AIV), type A to determine the virus susceptibility, pathogenicity, shedding and seroconversion. Emus were found susceptible to infection with AIV, with virus shedding detectable in tracheal and cloacal swabs between 3 and 10 days post-infection. Only the birds infected with the highly pathogenic viral isolate showed a brief period of mild clinical signs associated with infection. Virus recovered from the infected emus was found to be of similar pathogenicity to that of the virus inoculum. All the birds seroconverted by 10 days post-infection, as determined by haemagglutination inhibition, agar gel immunodiffusion and competitive ELISA assays. This study suggests that emus are similar to wild waterfowl in their response to AIV infection, in that they are susceptible and will replicate and shed the virus, but do not show any marked clinical signs of infection.