Experimental gingivitis in overweight subjects Clinical and Microbiological study

Abstract

Background:Obesity is a complex multifactorial chronic diseasethat affecting the host immunity which may stimulate a hyperinflammatory response in periodontal disease.Aims of the study is to determine and compare the gingival clinical parameters between Obese, pre-obese, and normal weight. Along with estimating the effect of overweight on healing process of experimental gingivitis, also to determine and compare the microbiological findings between Obese, pre-obese, and normal weight. Materials and Methods: Our study dealing with experimental gingivitis using the clinical parameters (plaque index and gingival index), existent bacterial flora, oral hygiene improvement on normal weight, pre-obese, and obese subjects showing healthy systemic condition, using the body mass index (BMI) and inter parametric comparison on 30 individuals, male with no previous medical history, age ranged from 20-30years old,10 of them are obese, 10 are within overweight(pre-obese) and the other 10 are within normal weight.Dental plaque samples were taken from each subjects when the gingiva reaches inflammation (Mean GI≥1). Results: The G.I .parameter showed a significant higher score of inflammation on the pre-obese and obese samples during the initiation of the disease (P≤0.002), and also showed a prolonged improvement response after the recovery of the oral hygiene control (P≤0.001).The bacterial findings showed an equal percent of streptococci and staphylococci but with predominance on other species in normal weight subjects. The pre-obese showed an increase percent of klebsiella .The obese subjects showed insignificant differences and almost equal percent of streptococci, staphylococci and pseudomonades with undetectable number of klebseila. Conclusion: This study found that Obesity is an active risk factor for gingival and periodontal disease, and it’s playing a role in elevating body response to dental plaque with increasing the healing period.