Abstract
In this paper, the extraction of gallic acid (GA) from brown sumac seeds was evaluated using supercritical-CO2 (SC-CO2) fluid and ethanol as the co-solvent, as well as Soxhlet method. Response surface methodology (RSM) design and optimize the experiments with second order model with the adjusted coefficient of determination (adj. R2) of 95.7%. Then, the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process was modeled based on differential mass balances and the shrinking core model. To determine the equilibrium coefficient, four thermodynamic equations were used. Based on the results, the optimal temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate and dynamic time were obtained as 35 °C, 30 MPa, 1.64 ml/min and 127.08 min, which resulted in 50.54% recovery (w/w), respectively. The mentioned mathematical model appropriately predicted the behavior of the process. Accordingly, the results obtained from thermodynamic equation of Peng–Robinson cubic plus association (PR-CPA) with adj. R2 of 93.12%, showed the highest accuracy.
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