Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of culturing edible microbes, classified as probiotics for human consumption, in commercially available, naturally radioactive, mineral water; to compare their viability with that of the same microbes cultured in deuterium-depleted water. A diversified array of probiotics was cultured in two different naturally radioactive mineral waters, or in deuterium-depleted water in order to assess the effects of different culture conditions on microbial viability. Prebiotic microbes for human consumption (cyanobacteria) that are extremely resistant to radiations, were cultured together with the probiotics in a naturally radioactive carbonated mineral water containing silica from vegetal origin introduced to enhance horizontal gene transfer. This co-culture had the goal of transferring radiation resistance from the cyanobacteria to the probiotics. The experiments and the observations described in this study were conducted from April 2020 until March 2021. Culturing microbes in naturally radioactive mineral water yielded one order of magnitude more live microbial cells in comparison with culturing in deuterium-depleted water. In silico observations suggest that expression of DNA repair genes in cyanobacteria is induced by co-culturing conditions in a medium of carbonated mineral water naturally containing the radioactive isotopes 228U and 226Ra. The results presented in this study lay the foundation for the development of a novel approach to protection against electromagnetic fields comprising ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. In silico observations and preliminary results on subjects exposed to common electromagnetic fields under real-life conditions, support the hypothesis that co-cultures of radiation-resistant cyanobacteria and probiotics in naturally radioactive, carbonated mineral water may confer protection against the harmful effects of electromagnetic fields.
Highlights
IntroductionFor more than thirty years, I have studied the biological effects of different types of energy, ranging from static magnetic fields to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and ultrasounds, on normal and transformed cells in culture, embryos and organisms, with particular reference to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, cell morphology and clinical responses (Casamassima et al, 1989; Orlandini et al, 1991; Ruggiero et al, 1992; Vincenzini et al, 1993; Pacini et al, 1994a; 1994b; 1995; Chiarugi et al, 1995; Mazzanti et al, 1996; Santucci et al, 1996; Pacini et al, 1999a; 1999b; 1999c; Casamassima et al, 1999; Pacini et al, 2002; 2003; Ruggiero et al, 2004; Pacini et al, 2006; Ruggiero, 2008; Ruggiero et al, 2013; Bradstreet et al, 2014; Ruggiero and Aterini, 2015; Klinghardt, 2017; Branca et al, 2018)
Determination of viable cells by flow cytometry demonstrated that, in the sample derived from culturing in naturally radioactive mineral water A, there were 2.36 109 viable cells per g of lyophilized powder; in the sample derived from culturing in deuterium-depleted water, there were 8.48 108 viable cells per g of lyophilized powder
These results demonstrate that viability of commensal microbes classified as probiotics is higher in a naturally radioactive mineral water as compared with deuterium-depleted water
Summary
For more than thirty years, I have studied the biological effects of different types of energy, ranging from static magnetic fields to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and ultrasounds, on normal and transformed cells in culture, embryos and organisms, with particular reference to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, cell morphology and clinical responses (Casamassima et al, 1989; Orlandini et al, 1991; Ruggiero et al, 1992; Vincenzini et al, 1993; Pacini et al, 1994a; 1994b; 1995; Chiarugi et al, 1995; Mazzanti et al, 1996; Santucci et al, 1996; Pacini et al, 1999a; 1999b; 1999c; Casamassima et al, 1999; Pacini et al, 2002; 2003; Ruggiero et al, 2004; Pacini et al, 2006; Ruggiero, 2008; Ruggiero et al, 2013; Bradstreet et al, 2014; Ruggiero and Aterini, 2015; Klinghardt, 2017; Branca et al, 2018). Most prokaryotic cells are sensitive to the killing effects of ionizing radiations and even to weak electromagnetic fields such as those generated by the physiologic electric activity of human cells in vivo (Ruggiero and Aterini, 2015) Certain prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, exhibit extremely high resistance to the killing effects of ionizing radiations (Badri et al, 2015). In this experimental research study, I describe the behavior of commensal microbes classified as probiotics challenged with commercially available, naturally radioactive, mineral water. It can be hypothesized that co-culturing Arthrospira platensis with probiotics, in the presence of naturally radioactive mineral water, may yield information on possible horizontal transfer of information between radio-resistant and radio-sensitive microbes
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