Abstract
Methanol showed promising results as an alternative to gasoline fuel. However, there exists a research gap for the effect of oxygenated fuel on lubricant oil deterioration along-with engine performance and emissions. This study aims the very topic. The characteristics of SI engine were evaluated for two different loads and nine different engine speeds. The lubricant oil samples were taken out from engine oil sump after 100 h of engine operations using gasoline (G) and M12 sequentially. The brake power of M12 was observed higher in comparison with G. The maximum BTE of 23.69% was observed for M12 on lower load and 2800 rpm. On average, the 6.05% and 6.31% decrease in HC emissions were observed using M12 in comparison with G at lower and higher load respectively. M12 produced 32.52% higher NOx emissions than that of G at lower load. The reduction in kinematic viscosities at 40°C of lubricant oil were found 11.61% and 18.78% for M12 and G respectively. TAN, specific gravity, flash point and ash content of lubricant oil were observed 10.23%, 0.079%, 5.81% and 0.97% higher for M12 respectively. The lubricant oil composition could be developed in future for such fuels which may prolong its life cycle.
Highlights
The quest of luxurious lifestyle and rapidly increasing population mainly responsible for increase in consumption of fossil fuels
Both gasoline and M12 fuels were employed in 163cc Spark ignition (SI) engine to ascertain performance, lubricant oil deterioration and emission characteristics
The five performance parameters of engine including torque, brake power, Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are briefly explained
Summary
The quest of luxurious lifestyle and rapidly increasing population mainly responsible for increase in consumption of fossil fuels. The overall global primary energy consumption in 2015 comprised of 85.6% fossil fuel, 4.7% nuclear power and 9.7% renewable energy.[1] Conventional carbonbased fuels have been considered as primary resources of energy for many decades. They produce many harmful pollutants mainly CO, HC and NOX that may damage the environment. The concentration of these pollutants has been increased significantly in the atmosphere which has disturbed its natural balance and has changed the climate conditions.[2,3] This climate change is considered as the most challenging issue globally because of its severe effects on life and environment.[4,5] This adverse climate change mainly due to emissions from vehicles and compelling the whole world to make strong policies for the control of exhaust emissions from vehicles as transport sector is majorly responsible for deterioration of an environment.[6,7] These policy pacts embrace UN framework convention held in 1992, Kyoto protocol held in 1998, Copenhagen accord held in 2009, Doha amendment in 2012 and Paris agreement in 2015.8 It is estimated that 95% of energy used in vehicles worldwide fulfilled by fossil fuels and the contribution of transport sector in deteriorating air quality is approximated up to 60%–80% of toxic environmental emissions.[9]
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