Abstract
Replacement of pollutant fluids with eco-friendly strategies in machining operations significantly contributes to protecting the environment, diminishing global warming, and ensuring a healthier workplace for employees. This study compares cryogenic coolants with conventional coolants in cylindrical plunge grinding using a Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) wheel. Samples of 27MnCr5 steel used in the manufacture of automotive transmission components were ground using (i) Liquid Nitrogen (LN2), (ii) a combination of LN2 + Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), and (iii) a conventional coolant. The effects of the different cooling methods on the surface integrity of the ground surfaces were examined in terms of surface roughness, microstructural defects, microhardness profiles, and residual stresses. In general, surface roughness was similar for the tested cooling systems, even after grinding three subsequent surfaces in which the process stability was analyzed. Interestingly, the use of eco-friendly cryogenic systems induced fewer microstructural defects than conventional systems, and particularly, LN2+MQL lead to more compressive surface residual stresses that would improve the in-service performance of components. These results show opportunities for replacing conventional pollutant systems with eco-friendly cryogenic strategies for refrigerating/lubricating grinding processes to reduce harmful effects on the environment and pose health risks to operators.
Highlights
Replacement of pollutant fluids with eco-friendly strategies in machining operations significantly contributes to protecting the environment, diminishing global warming, and ensuring a healthier workplace for employees
To analyze the effects of cryogenic coolants on the surface integrity of cylindrical ground pieces, the 27MnCr5 steel commonly used for automotive applications was selected
The LN2 system created a lower surface roughness than was a conventional coolant (WET) in the set of parameters (Vs = 40 m/s, Vo = 41.47 m/min) with a final roughness of 0.188 ± 0.014; this roughness was higher than the L N2+Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)
Summary
Replacement of pollutant fluids with eco-friendly strategies in machining operations significantly contributes to protecting the environment, diminishing global warming, and ensuring a healthier workplace for employees. The use of eco-friendly cryogenic systems induced fewer microstructural defects than conventional systems, and LN2+MQL lead to more compressive surface residual stresses that would improve the in-service performance of components These results show opportunities for replacing conventional pollutant systems with eco-friendly cryogenic strategies for refrigerating/lubricating grinding processes to reduce harmful effects on the environment and pose health risks to operators. Nowadays, the uses of Graphene Oxide (GO) nanosheets water-dispersible have been studied as a potential lubricant in abrasive p rocesses[12] Within this context, eco-friendly grinding has become more widespread over time because of stricter government environmental regulations to reduce global warming; these regulations have resulted in a significant
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