Abstract
The term deviation frequency (fd) denotes the boundary between the variable part of the amplitude and phase scintillation spectrum and the part of uninformative noises. We suggested the concept of the “characteristic deviation frequency” during the observation period. The characteristic deviation frequency is defined as the most probable value of the deviation frequency under current local conditions. Our case study involved GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and SBAS data under quiet and weakly disturbed geomagnetic conditions (geomagnetic storm on 16 April 2021, Kpmax = 5, SYM-Hmin = −57 nT) at the mid-latitude GNSS station. Our results demonstrated that the deviation frequency for all signal components of GPS, GLONASS and Galileo varies within 15–22 Hz. The characteristic deviation frequency was 20 Hz for the mentioned GNSS signals. The SBAS differs from other systems: deviation frequency varies within 13–20 Hz. The characteristic deviation frequency is lower and equal to 18 Hz. We suggest the characteristic deviation frequency to determine the optimal sampling rate of the GNSS carrier phase data for the ionospheric studies. In turn, the deviation frequency can be considered as a promising index to estimate the boundary of non-variability of the ionosphere.
Highlights
Published: 10 December 2021Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) form part of a technological basis for different applications [1]
Their data is widely used for fundamental research tasks in different fields, for example in geodynamics [2], radio propagation environment including the GNSS remote sensing (GNSS-RO) [3] and GNSS Reflectometry of Earth surface (GNSSR) [4]
We suggested thesuggested concept ofthe theconcept characteristic frequency to determine optimal rate carrier of the GNSS
Summary
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) form part of a technological basis for different applications [1]. One of the important geophysical studies that was carried out on the basis of GNSS signal processing was the study of the Earth’s ionosphere and upper atmosphere [5,6,7] and their impact on different levels of applications [8,9,10,11,12]. Various stochastic techniques report normally distributed carrier phase noise of 2 mm and code pseudo range noise of 0.5–0.8 m [13]. Such precise measurements allow us to detect the effects of rather weak geophysical events and eventually reconstruct the structure of the ionosphere
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