Abstract
The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for the generation of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields. Bell non-local correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states allow for the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in a device-independent manner, i.e. without assumptions on the measurement and state-generation devices. Here, we generate this strong form of certified randomness on a new platform: the so-called instrumental scenario, which is central to the field of causal inference. First, we theoretically show that certified random bits, private against general quantum adversaries, can be extracted exploiting device-independent quantum instrumental-inequality violations. Then, we experimentally implement the corresponding randomness-generation protocol using entangled photons and active feed-forward of information. Moreover, we show that, for low levels of noise, our protocol offers an advantage over the simplest Bell-nonlocality protocol based on the Clauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt inequality.
Highlights
The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for the generation of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields
We provide a proof-of principle demonstration of the implementation of a DI random number generator based on instrumental correlations, secure against general quantum attacks[19]
The DI random number generation protocol we propose for the instrumental scenario was developed adapting the pre-existing techniques for the Bell scenario[19,21], and is secure against general quantum adversaries
Summary
The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for the generation of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields. Bell non-local correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states allow for the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in a device-independent manner, i.e. without assumptions on the measurement and state-generation devices We generate this strong form of certified randomness on a new platform: the so-called instrumental scenario, which is central to the field of causal inference. The instrumental causal structure[31,32], where the two parties (A and B) are linked by a classical channel of communication, is the simplest model (in terms of the number of involved nodes) achieving this result[33] This scenario has fundamental importance in causal inference, since it allows the estimation of causal influences even in the presence of unknown latent factors[31]. We provide a proof-of principle demonstration of the implementation of a DI random number generator based on instrumental correlations, secure against general quantum attacks[19]
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