Experimental determination of methane hydrate dissociation curve up to 55 MPa by using a small amount of surfactant as hydrate promoter

Abstract

Methane hydrate equilibrium has been studied upon continuous heating of the water–hydrate–gas system within the temperature range of 275–300 K. This temperature range corresponds to equilibrium pressures of 3.15–55 MPa. The hydrate formation/dissociation experiments were carried out in a high-pressure reactor under isochoric conditions and with no agitation. A small amount of surfactant (0.02 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) was added to water to promote hydrate formation. It was demonstrated that SDS did not have any influence on the gas hydrate equilibrium, but increased drastically both the hydrate formation rate and the amount of water converted into hydrate, when compared with the experiments without surfactant. To understand and clarify the influence of SDS on hydrate formation, macroscopic observations of hydrate growth were carried out using gas propane as hydrate former in a fully transparent reactor. We observed that 10 - 3 wt% SDS (230 times less than the Critical Micellar Concentration of SDS) were sufficient to prevent hydrate particles from agglomerating and forming a rigid hydrate film at the liquid–gas interface. In the presence of SDS, hydrates grew mainly on the reactor walls as a porous structure, which sucked the solution due to capillary forces. Hydrates grew with a high rate until about 97 wt% of the water present in the reactor was transformed into hydrate. Our data on methane hydrate equilibrium both confirm already published literature data and complement them within the pressure range of 20–55 MPa.