Abstract
In the present work, results of experimental research on the mains water temperature supplying the Solar Domestic Hot Water system in the period from 2016 to 2018 are shown. The test object is located in the Hotel for Research Assistants on Bialystok University of Technology campus in Poland. One of the elements that will guarantee the correct energy balance of a hot tap-water system is the exact determination of the cold water temperature. The aim of this study is estimation of the temperature of the mains water flowing into the district heating substation and the water feeding directly the heat storage tanks. The research results showed that the average value of the cold water was 14.09°C during the 3 years of measurements. Moreover, it was shown that this temperature increased by about 0.4°C as a result of heat exchange with the air inside the substation. In the article, the author proposed modifications of coefficients in a commonly used model developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory for determining the temperature of mains water in energy simulations. The proposed changes allow for accurate modelling of the cold water temperature under the climate conditions of north-eastern Poland.
Highlights
The temperature of mains water TM depends primarily on its initial temperature in the treatment station, the ground temperature, and the flow time to the end user
It is necessary to determine the exact value of the cold water temperature in the case of economic analysis and energy simulations of Solar Water Heating Systems (SWHS)
This paper discusses models developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NERL), recommended by California Energy Commission [2], and included in Task 44 implemented by International Energy Agency [3]
Summary
The temperature of mains water TM depends primarily on its initial temperature in the treatment station, the ground temperature, and the flow time to the end user. Due to the fact that the ground temperature is not widely studied, the dependences of cold water temperature on the outside air temperature have been developed. It is necessary to determine the exact value of the cold water temperature in the case of economic analysis and energy simulations of Solar Water Heating Systems (SWHS). A thorough review and comparison of different methods of determining this parameter has been done by Chmielewska [1]. The analysis that has been carried out in this work [1] proved quite a large discrepancy between the results of calculations and measurements
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