Experimental determination and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria and surface tension in the Sn-Ag-In system

Abstract

The phase equilibria of the Sn-Ag-In system were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and metallography. The isothermal sections at 180–600°C, as well as some vertical sections, were determined. Thermodynamic assessment of this system was also carried out based on the experimental data of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria using the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) method, in which the Gibbs energies of the liquid, fcc, and hcp phases are described by the subregular solution model, and those of compounds are represented by the sublattice model. The thermodynamic parameters for describing the phase equilibria were optimized, and reasonable agreement between the calculated and experimental results was obtained. The maximum bubble-pressure method and dilatometric method have been used in measurements of the surface tension and density of the binary In-Sn and ternary (Sn-3.8Ag)eut + In (5 at.% and 10 at.%) liquid alloys, respectively. The experiments were performed in the temperature range from 160–930°C. The experimental data of the surface tension were compared with those obtained by the thermodynamic calculation of Butler’s model.