Abstract
BackgroundThe effectiveness of bioremediation systems for PAH-contaminated soil may be constrained by physicochemical properties of contaminants and environmental factors. Information on what is the most effective factor in bioremediation process is essential in the decision of what stimulations can be taken to assist the biodegradation efficacy.MethodsIn this study, four factors of surfactant (Tween 80), humic acid (HA), salinity and nutrients in a 24 full factorial design were screened in bioremediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil by using a consortium of bacteria.ResultsBetween the employed levels of the factors only salinity had not significant effect. Optimal concentrations of surfactant, HA and nutrient were obtained by a response surface design. For phenanthrene biodegradation, a central composite face centred design (CCFD) showed that nutrient, surfactant and HA concentrations had highly significant, significant and insignificant effects, respectively. The best conditions with 87.1% phenanthrene biodegradation were 150 mg HA/Kg soil, 12.68 μg/L surfactant, and nutrients as K2HPO4, 0.8; KH2PO4, 0.2 and KNO3, 1 g/L. A high similarity was between the model prediction and experimental results.ConclusionsThis study showed that nutrient with 81.27% efficiency could be considered as the most effective factor for practical implications of bioremediation process for PAHs contaminated soil cleanup strategies.
Highlights
The effectiveness of bioremediation systems for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil may be constrained by physicochemical properties of contaminants and environmental factors
The phenanthrene removal efficiency in 16 tests using biodegradation compared with their similar control in 8 weeks was shown in Figure 1 which is about the effectiveness of variables in comparison with each other and Bonferroni line
These results indicate that the addition of microorganisms increased the rate of biodegradation
Summary
The effectiveness of bioremediation systems for PAH-contaminated soil may be constrained by physicochemical properties of contaminants and environmental factors. Methods: In this study, four factors of surfactant (Tween 80), humic acid (HA), salinity and nutrients in a 24 full factorial design were screened in bioremediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil by using a consortium of bacteria. At present, employing biological treatment is the most popular and cost – effective strategy among the different methods to remove these pollutants from the soil [4]. Successful application of bioremediation is often limited by environmental, physical and chemical factors [5] such as availability of pollutants to undergo biological transformations [6] toxicity and complex structures of PAHs derivatives, limitation for nitrogen, phosphorus or other nutrients, pH and temperature [7]. The concentration of surfactant plays an important role in biodegradation of PAHs
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