Experimental Demonstration of In‐Place Calibration for Time Domain Microwave Imaging System

Abstract

AbstractIn this study, the experimental demonstration of in‐place calibration was conducted using the developed time domain measurement system. Experiments were conducted using three calibration methods—in‐place calibration and two existing calibrations, that is, array rotation and differential calibration. The in‐place calibration uses dual receivers located at an equal distance from the transmitter. The received signals at the dual receivers contain similar unwanted signals, that is, the directly received signal and antenna coupling. In contrast to the simulations, the antennas are not perfectly matched and there might be unexpected environmental errors. Thus, we experimented with the developed experimental system to demonstrate the proposed method. The possible problems with low signal‐to‐noise ratio and clock jitter, which may exist in time domain systems, were rectified by averaging repeatedly measured signals. The tumor was successfully detected using the three calibration methods according to the experimental results. The cross correlation was calculated using the reconstructed image of the ideal differential calibration for a quantitative comparison between the existing rotation calibration and the proposed in‐place calibration. The mean value of cross correlation between the in‐place calibration and ideal differential calibration was 0.80, and the mean value of cross correlation of the rotation calibration was 0.55. Furthermore, the results of simulation were compared with the experimental results to verify the in‐place calibration method. A quantitative analysis was also performed, and the experimental results show a tendency similar to the simulation.