Abstract
The number of buildings renovated following the introduction of European energy-efficiency policy represents a small number of buildings in Spain. So, the main Spanish building stock needs an urgent energy renovation. Using passive strategies is essential, and thermal characterization and predictive tests of the energy-efficiency improvements achieving acceptable levels of comfort for their users are urgently necessary. This study analyzes the energy performance and thermal comfort of the users in a typical Mediterranean dwelling house. A transient simulation has been used to acquire the scope of Spanish standards for its energy rehabilitation, taking into account standard comfort conditions. The work is based on thermal monitoring of the building and a numerical validated model developed in TRNSYS. Energy demands for different models have been calculated considering different passive constructive measures combined with real wind site conditions and the behavior of users related to natural ventilation. This methodology has given us the necessary information to decide the best solution in relation to energy demand and facility of implementation. The thermal comfort for different models is not directly related to energy demand and has allowed checking when and where the measures need to be done.
Highlights
The building sector has consumed 40% of the energy and produced 36% of the CO2 emissions of the European Union during 2012
Thermal comfort depends on people, their clothes, and metabolism rate, so there is a percentage of confidence, which is reflected in predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) values
As a result of the non-isolation of the building, in Model 1, it has been proven that the energy demand is very high with values such as 182.91 kWh/m2 year, which does not comply with the current regulations
Summary
The building sector has consumed 40% of the energy and produced 36% of the CO2 emissions of the European Union during 2012. In the last few years, the attention regarding the improvement of energy efficiency of buildings has increased, the levels of energy savings that are necessary have not been achieved. At the European level, 68% of the primary energy consumption of the residential sector has been carried out by the climate control needs of the users. The rest of the energy consumption produced by the European sector is distributed between 13% of energy used for producing hot water, 12% for using appliances, 5% intended to cook food, and 2% for lighting the dwellings. The ratio of energy consumed by residential households in the European Union countries is approximately between 200 and 300 kWh per m2 [2]
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