Abstract
The studies of solubility of the paprika extract with a high concentration of carotenoids in carbon dioxide under the pressure of 20–50 MPa and at temperatures of 313.15–333.15 K were carried out using the static method. The highest solubility of paprika extract was achieved at the temperature of 333.15 K and under the pressure of 50 MPa. The obtained experimental data were correlated with five density-based models, applied for prediction of solubility in the supercritical carbon dioxide (the Chrastil, del Valle and Aguilera, Adachi and Lu, Sparks et al. and Bian et al. models). The accuracy of particular models with reference to measurement results was specified with the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and coefficient of determination (R2). Results showed that solubility calculated based on the selected models was compliant with experimental data.
Highlights
Extracts obtained from red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) contain mainly lipid matter, and essential oils, tocopherol, and carotenoids [1,2]
According to the analytical characterization of paprika extract applied in this work, Table 1 shows characteristics of the compounds present in the extract used for solubility studies
The models proposed by Chrastil, del Valle and Aguilera, Adachi and Lu, Sparks et al and Bian et al were density-based models proposed by Chrastil, del Valle and Aguilera, Adachi and Lu, Sparks et al and applied because of their simplicity and broad applicability
Summary
Extracts obtained from red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) contain mainly lipid matter (mono-, diand tri-glycerides, free fatty acids, fatty acid esters), and essential oils, tocopherol, and carotenoids (mainly capsanthin, capsorubin, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin) [1,2]. Due to their rich composition, they are widely applied in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The protective effect of carotenoids is related to their antioxidation properties and ability to eliminate free radicals, which damage lipids, proteins and DNA [4]. Carotenoids reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, ischemic heart disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and other age-related diseases [2,3,5]
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