Abstract
In this paper, we compare the performances of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) and frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radars in measuring noncontact vital signs such as respiration rate and heart rate. These two type radars have been widely used in various fields and have shown their applicability to extract vital signs in noncontact ways. IR-UWB radar can extract vital signs using distance information. On the other hand, FMCW radar requires phase information to estimate vital signs, and the result can be enhanced with Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) antenna topologies. By using commercial radar chipsets, the operation of radars under different conditions and frequency bands will also affect the performance of vital sign detection capabilities. We compared the accuracy and signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios of IR-UWB and FMCW radars in various scenarios, such as distance, orientation, carotid pulse, harmonics, and obstacle penetration. In general, the IR-UWB radars offer a slightly better accuracy and higher SNR in comparison to FMCW radar. However, each radar system has its own unique advantages, with IR-UWB exhibiting fewer harmonics and a higher SNR, while FMCW can combine the results from each channel.
Highlights
Respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) are key physiological parameters in monitoring human vital signs
These scenarios were designed to compare the performances of radars, including attenuation loss in air, micro movement detection performance, penetration ability, and harmonic strength
The data were collected by impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB), frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW), and reference sensors at the same time
Summary
Respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) are key physiological parameters in monitoring human vital signs. Traditional contact measurement techniques include respiration belt, electrocardiogram (ECG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) These contact measurement methods may cause discomfort, disconnection due to cable kinks, and epidermal stripping, such as in monitoring infants, patient with severe skin burns, or sleep. A camera [1,2] can be can be used to monitor noncontact vital signs by measuring changes in skin color that are the result of changes in blood volume, but the accuracy can be affected by ambient lighting; when the light illuminance decreases, the accuracy of the camera decreases significantly This means that even if the optical technique can measure blood oxygen saturation, it cannot be used in a dark environment or at night.
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