Experimental Comparison of Hydraulic Jump Characteristics and Energy Dissipation Between Sluice Gate and Radial Gate

Abstract

A hydraulic jump is an abrupt change of flow when moving from higher velocity (supercritical flow) to lower velocity (subcritical flow). Also, the hydraulic jump is an energy dissipater for dissipating the excess energy of flow in the downstream through spillways, gates, weirs, dams, and other hydraulic structures, and it also helps to prevent scouring in gates and spillways. The precise selection of gates is very important for effective control of flow in the channel, to guarantee safety of the structure, easy to operate, economical, easy to maintain and to dissipate excess energy downstream. This study examines the characteristics of hydraulic jumps (a comparison of Sluice gate and Radial gate) and energy dissipation in hydraulic jumps experimentally. The experimentation was performed in a channel flume with a rectangular cross section (16 m long, 0.6 m wide and 0.8 m deep) in the Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Manipur. A sluice gate and radial gate are used in the channel to generate a hydraulic jump at the downstream of the flow. The characteristics of hydraulic jumps, such as length of jump, upstream and downstream head, velocity, sequent depth ratio, and amount of energy dissipated, etc., were measured with different heights of gate opening and flow rate. The results show that the Radial gate is much safer for the structure, dissipates more energy, and the control of the flow is much easier as compared to the Sluice gate, and can be considered as an appropriate model for dissipating energy.