Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in parcel delivery shipments all over the world due to online stores and consumer demand to receive the products in a shorter period of time. It is especially true when situations like COVID-19 limits personal purchases in shopping malls as well as grocery and pharmaceutical stores. This often means that courier operators try to deliver packages utilizing vehicles with racks or shelves, which during the COVID-19 epidemic are not there anymore. This study measured the vertical vibration levels that occur in stacked parcels during express delivery versus the simulation technique in the laboratory. The goal of this paper was to measure and compare the vibration levels between laboratory practice and field transportation. For the measurement a three-layer stacked unit was built to observe the vibration levels on different road conditions in a parcel delivery vehicle and ASTM vibration profile (ASTM International). Then the measured acceleration-time data were analyzed in terms of power spectral densities (PSD) and the presented statistical data provided an understanding of the variability of intensity in different levels in stacked unit. The results showed that the vibration level increases in the stacked load upwards and with worse road conditions, but even in the worst case it did not reach those vibration levels that the laboratory test showed. Moreover, the layers of the stacked unit are in out-of-phase motion in the field, while the stacked unit in the vibration simulation usually is in-phase motion. Results indicate that the proposed vibration simulation does not correlate well with typical field vibration. This is fundamentally true as during a forced vibration created by a single-axis shaker, do not account for additional inputs occurring simultaneously creating an off-balance to the loads and as a result are less severe than simulated conditions. These findings are limited to single axis vibration simulation and unsecured loads.
Highlights
The global courier, express and parcel market has grown steadily over the past decade and the net income of these services doubled in this time [1]
Results of Acceleration Peaks and RMS (g) ously, relatively bad road conditions are the reason for this phenomenon
Travelling thefloor highest where many road for all speed, layers and and values presentsoccurred the data asona urban functionroads of road conditions
Summary
The global courier, express and parcel market has grown steadily over the past decade and the net income of these services doubled in this time [1]. In this service, the first and last step of distribution occurs by small vehicles, when the operators collect or deliver the parcels. UPS (www.ups.com, accessed on 15 January 2021) are the global leaders in providing online sales for customers and providing delivery of parcels Amazon this year started to deliver packages, on the way to become the largest parcel delivery company
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