Abstract
Green infrastructure has a role to play in climate change adaptation strategies in cities. Alternative urban spaces should be designed considering new requirements in terms of urban microclimate and thermal comfort. Pervious pavements such as green parking lots can contribute to this goal through solar evaporative cooling. However, the cooling benefits of such systems remain under debate during dry and warm periods. The aim of this study was to compare experimentally the thermal behavior of different parking lot types (PLTs) with vegetated urban soil. Four parking lots were instrumented, with temperature probes buried at different depths. Underground temperatures were measured during summer 2019, and the hottest days of the period were analyzed. Results show that the less mineral used in the surface coating, the less it warms up. The temperature difference at the upper layer can reach 10 °C between mineral and non-mineral PLTs. PLTs can be grouped into three types: (i) high surface temperature during daytime and nighttime, important heat transfer toward the sublayers, and low time shift (asphalt system); (ii) high (resp. low) surface temperature during daytime (resp. nighttime), weak heat transfer toward the sublayers, and important time shift (paved stone system); and (iii) low surface temperature during daytime and nighttime, weak heat transfer toward the sublayers, and important time shift (vegetation and substrate system, wood chips system, vegetated urban soil). The results of this study underline that pervious pavements demonstrate thermal benefits under warm and dry summer conditions compared to conventional parking lot solutions. The results also indicate that the hygrothermal properties of urban materials are crucial for urban heat island mitigation.
Highlights
The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is triggered by several factors, such as the specific urban land cover, the canyon-shaped infrastructure morphology, the anthropogenic heat emissions, and the physical properties of the urban materials [1,2]
The daily amplitude of temperature variations tended to decrease with increasing depth
The high surface temperature reached by the asphalt cover (P1) is in line with the work of Ca et al [48], who studied the impact of asphalt paved parking lots in Tokyo, Japan, during the warm period (August to September 1994)
Summary
The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is triggered by several factors, such as the specific urban land cover, the canyon-shaped infrastructure morphology, the anthropogenic heat emissions, and the physical properties of the urban materials [1,2]. Cai et al [3] studied the influence of urbanization on the urban climate. They observed that the arrangement of urban areas in relation to water and vegetated areas affects energy fluxes. Several methods are proposed for reporting different types of land use. Jalan and Sharma [10] used land surface temperature (LST) to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in the UHI of Jaipur city (India). They found that urbanization affects the LST by about 3 ◦ C
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