Abstract
This paper studies the behavior of a Euro 6 diesel engine tested under dynamic conditions corresponding to different real driving emissions (RDE) scenarios. RDE cycles have been performed in an engine test bench by simulating its operation in a long van application. A computer tool has been designed to define the cycle accounting for different dynamic characteristics and driver behaviors to study their influence on CO2 and pollutant emissions, particularly CO, THC, and NOX. Different dynamic parameters have been established in terms of power, torque, engine speed, or vehicle speed. Additionally, a tool to estimate the emission of an RDE cycle from steady-state maps has been developed, helping to identify emission trends in a clearer way. Finally, the conclusions suggest that driving patterns characterized by lower engine speeds lead to fewer emissions. In addition, the analysis of RDE cycles from stationary maps helps to estimate the final tailpipe emissions of CO2 and NOX, offering the possibility to rely on tests carried out on engine test bench, dynamometer, or on the road.
Highlights
Pollutant vehicle emission and carbon dioxide limits are becoming increasingly restrictive
Several real driving emissions (RDE) cycles with different dynamic characteristics have been performed in an engine test bench
An on-road cycle was performed in a vehicle as a baseline; a second cycle was defined using transient maneuvers extracted from a WLTP cycle; four additional cycles were defined using a computational tool to generate RDE-compliant conditions from a sub-set of acceleration and deceleration ramps while replicating different driver behavior
Summary
Pollutant vehicle emission and carbon dioxide limits are becoming increasingly restrictive. Major developments in renewable energies [6] have been occurred to reduce GHG emissions additional efforts are required from key sectors such as transportation In this regard, the European Union (EU) has established stringent standards which have been reflected in the 443/2009 [7] regulation. The regulation is very extensive and detailed, the number of possible cycles is infinite so different tests can have an important dispersion in terms of pollutant and CO2 emissions Factors such as traffic, weather conditions, altitude, route typology, road grade, and driver behavior [17,18] have a great influence on the cycle results [19,20]. One methodology to analyze engine operation in RDE-like conditions consists of performing cycles in a dynamic engine test bench instead of directly in the vehicle. The data from the aforementioned cycles were analyzed in detail to relate cycle dynamics and engine operation
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