Abstract
A simple sleep monitoring measurement method is presented in this paper, based on a simple, non-invasive motion sensor, the Passive InfraRed (PIR) motion sensor. The easy measurement set-up proposed is presented and its performances are compared with the ones provided by a commercial, ballistocardiographic bed sensor, used as reference tool. Testing was conducted on 25 nocturnal acquisitions with a voluntary, healthy subject, using the PIR-based proposed method and the reference sensor, simultaneously. A dedicated algorithm was developed to correlate the bed sensor outputs with the PIR signal to extract sleep-related features: sleep latency (SL), sleep interruptions (INT), and time to wake (TTW). Such sleep parameters were automatically identified by the algorithm, and then correlated to the ones computed by the reference bed sensor. The identification of these sleep parameters allowed the computation of an important, global sleep quality parameter: the sleep efficiency (SE). It was calculated for each nocturnal acquisition and then correlated to the SE values provided by the reference sensor. Results show the correlation between the SE values monitored with the PIR and the bed sensor with a robust statistic confidence of 4.7% for the measurement of SE (coverage parameter k = 2), indicating the validity of the proposed, unobstructive approach, based on a simple, small, and low-cost sensor, for the assessment of important sleep-related parameters.
Highlights
Sleep conditions, in terms of duration and interruption, change as a function of the normal aging process [1]
The installation the Passive InfraRed (PIR) of sensor above the pillow shows a movement accuracy characteristics of the used sensor and the results shown in detection of 85%, in accordance with the technical characteristics of the used PIR sensor and the results shown in [21,22]
Twenty-five nights corresponding to 200 h of nocturnal acquisitions, were acquired by simultaneously using the PIR sensor and the bed sensor under the mattress
Summary
In terms of duration and interruption, change as a function of the normal aging process [1]. Those that initially may seem to be aging-related changes, can conceal non-negligible sleep disorder symptoms. Sleep disorder pathologies are associated with reduced quality of life, increased morbidity, and higher mortality risk, representing a significant economic and social burden to society [2]. It is imperative to diagnose sleep disorders early and accurately [3] in order to detect the initial symptoms of the degenerating pathologies early and to slow down their effect with In patients affected by dementia, an altered sleep pattern (as described in Section 1.1) is frequently reported and possibly justified by the possible irreversible damage to the brain areas responsible for sleep regulation reported for some dementing illness, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc. [3].
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