Abstract
Velocity distribution in an open channel flow can be very useful to model many hydraulic phenomena. Among the others, several 1D models based on the concept of entropy are available in the literature, which allow estimating the velocity distribution by measuring velocities only in a few points. Nevertheless, since 1D models have often a limited practical use, a 2D entropy based model was recently developed. The model provides a reliable estimation of the velocity distribution for open channel flow with a rectangular cross section, if the maximum velocity and the average velocity are known. In this paper results from the proposed model were compared with measured velocities carried out from laboratory experiments. Calculated values were also compared with results inferred from a 2D model available in the literature, resulting in a greater ease of use and a more reliable estimate of the velocity profile.
Highlights
The assessment of velocity distribution in open channel flow is required by many hydraulic applications, such as for the design of channel cross sections, the design of canal and river structures, Entropy 2013, 15 the analysis of sediment and/or contaminant transport
Such a model is simpler than the one proposed by Chiu, but still it requires a lot of information, including average velocity and position and magnitude of maximum velocity for each vertical
The proposed model requires no calibration parameter and the velocity distribution can be calculated if the geometry of the cross section, the average velocity and position and value of the maximum velocity are known
Summary
The assessment of velocity distribution in open channel flow is required by many hydraulic applications, such as for the design of channel cross sections, the design of canal and river structures, Entropy 2013, 15 the analysis of sediment and/or contaminant transport. Traditional approaches to the study of hydraulics follow the well known laws of mass and energy conservation They lead to deterministic models, which do not account for such uncertainty. Moramarco et al [13] developed a practical and simple method by assuming that the 2D model developed by Chiu, written for the vertical where the maximum velocity occurs, can be applied to the other verticals Such a model is simpler than the one proposed by Chiu, but still it requires a lot of information, including average velocity and position and magnitude of maximum velocity for each vertical. The proposed model requires no calibration parameter and the velocity distribution can be calculated if the geometry of the cross section, the average velocity and position and value of the maximum velocity are known. For this principle, when a watercourse, taken as a reference system, reaches the stationary conditions, it presents the maximum content of the entropy [16] for which the velocity distribution will be determined by maximizing the entropy of the system subject to constraints
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