Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water supplies significantly impacts on water supply quality and treatment, due to observed reactivity with many dissolved and particulate species. Several technologies are used nowadays to remove NOM from the water supply. The evolution of water-related directives, and progressively more restrictive standards for drinking water, however, call for the investigation of advanced, more efficient, and cost-effective water treatment processes. This paper contains a brief overview on the state-of-the-art methods for NOM removal from supply waters, and describes the experimental application of an advanced technology, tested and validated at the pilot scale on the water supply source of a town in Poland. The process allowed significant removal of natural organic matter (about 50% as Dissolved Organic Carbon) and turbidity (from 50% to 90%), however, these results requested significant additions of powdered activated carbon. The key to success of this type of process is a correct setup with the identification of optimal types and dosages of reagents. Based on the results of the tests conducted it is foreseeable that this technology could be used onsite, not only for removal of NOM, but also of other hard-to-tackle pollutants potentially contained in the freshwater supply and not presently considered.
Highlights
IntroductionNatural organic matter (NOM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds (aromatic, aliphatic, phenolic, and quinonic structures) with varying molecular sizes and properties, deriving from various sources, commonly present in surface and ground water bodies
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds with varying molecular sizes and properties, deriving from various sources, commonly present in surface and ground water bodies
The results obtained with the continuously-running pilot show that Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal is somehow
Summary
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds (aromatic, aliphatic, phenolic, and quinonic structures) with varying molecular sizes and properties, deriving from various sources, commonly present in surface and ground water bodies. Due to its complexity and heterogeneity, the structural and functional characterization of aquatic NOM is extremely difficult. It can be characterized into hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions: the former includes carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, and proteins; the latter, humic substances (HS) [1], a broad class of interrelated compounds, including humic and fulvic acids. A range of analytical techniques that can offer detailed information on NOM specific characteristics is reported in Table 1 [7,8,9,10]
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