Experimental Animal Models for Preclinical Investigation of the Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Abstract: The current treatments for bladder cancer are unable to substantially avoid the disease's growth and recurrence, which is a serious public health problem. Researchers have explored a variety of approaches in an effort to effectively replicate the pathophysiology of human tumors using experimental tumor models. The investigation of the available models is a necessary tool in order to choose the most appropriate scheme which serves the translation of potential treatments from a primary experimental bench to the clinical settings. The most suitable murine models of bladder cancer should have excellent reproductivity, intravesical predictability, and accessibility in order to facilitate the mechanistic, chemopreventive, and therapeutic research that can be expanded into clinical trials. This article provides a complete evaluation of both in vitro and in vivo bladder cancer models, comparing their advantages and limitations in urological research.