Abstract

This chapter analyzes the experimental data using impedance spectroscopy to reduce water pollution by nitrate ions. The adsorption is through a synthesized layered double hydroxide (Zn3-Al-Cl-LDH). The kinetic study data analysis by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models is highly correlated they were found to fit very well the pseudo-second-order. This is confirmed by fast kinetic modeling of experimental data according to the pseudo-second-order. Furthermore, the Nyquist plots suggest that the grains and grain boundaries have contributed to the conduction mechanism of the material at different adsorption times and monitoring of the adsorption phenomenon. The investigation by impedance spectroscopy was used for modeling by an equivalent circuit. The real and imaginary functions of impedance complex are analyzed by modifying Cole-Cole relaxation. Revel most changes in the structure of the manifestation of the grains and the grains boundaries. The alternative current (AC) conductivity was investigated using the double power law of Jonscher. More importantly, the calculated value and the percentage of efficiency are evaluated in the adsorption. The water molecules and nitrate ions in the adsorbed were favored for the generation of the electrical response. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are often interpreted by using electrical equivalent circuits.

Highlights

  • Impedance spectroscopy is used to obtain an electrical equivalent circuit that showed the best fit of the experimental data

  • Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy processes at the solid-liquid interface and adsorption of ionic and nonionic surfactants on the solid/liquid interfaces have been studied experimentally [1–4] and theoretically [5–8]

  • The analysis and theoretical fitting by impedance spectroscopy using complex empirical functions were carried out utilizing the software ZView 2.2 and Origin 8 for modeling of the ionic conductivity and the imaginary function according to the real function, respectively

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Summary

Introduction

Impedance spectroscopy is used to obtain an electrical equivalent circuit that showed the best fit of the experimental data. The analysis of these impedance data using both Bode and Nyquist plots was useful for the identification and the deconvolution of different processes of adsorption and interfaces. The disproportionate application of chemical products in industrial sectors causes the increases in large quantities of this ion into wastewater and surface water [10]. The present chapter is aimed to synthesize and to study the efficient removal of nitrate by LDH. This system has low-mobility charge carriers, which are believed to be responsible for the dielectric response

Synthetic adsorbent and characterization techniques
X-ray diffraction The X-ray diffraction patterns of Zn3-Al-Cl-LDH depicted in
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry
Calibration curve
Assays of nitrate ions in balance
Kinetic study
Analysis of adsorption kinetics
Impedance spectroscopy analysis
AC conductivity analysis
Modeling of the electrical conductivity through the equivalent electrical circuit
Correlation between kinetic and impedance spectroscopy studies
Conclusion
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