Abstract
The preparation of β-phase PVDF membranes using three green, inexpensive, and biodegradable cyclic carbonate solvents: ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate.
Highlights
The performance of the low-energy intensive separation units such as membrane separation technologies depends strongly on the properties of the separatory material interacting with the chemical constituents of an industrial stream
The group contribution method was used to determine the solubility parameters of the cyclic organic carbonates (EC, propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC)) for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
It is expected that PVDF, which has a solubility parameter of δ = 23.2 MPa0.549–52 should be soluble in BC but not in PC and ethylene carbonate (EC)
Summary
The performance of the low-energy intensive separation units such as membrane separation technologies depends strongly on the properties of the separatory material interacting with the chemical constituents of an industrial stream. One group of interesting materials considered for membrane preparation is fluoropolymers among which poly(vinylidene fluoride). (PVDF) is the most popular due to its attractive properties and good processability. Homopolymeric PVDF contains 59.4 wt% fluorine and 3 wt% hydrogen.[1] The crystalline phase of PVDF has three different molecular conformations (TGTG′, TTT, and TTTGTTTG′) and five crystal polymorphs: phase I (β-phase), phase II (α-phase), phase III (γ-phase), δ, and ε. Phases I, II, and III (see Fig. 1) are the most frequent crystalline polymorphs of PVDF.
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