Experimental and quantum chemical study of pyrrole self-association through N–H⋯π hydrogen bonding

Abstract

An FT-IR study of pyrrole self-association in CCl 4 solutions was carried out. According to the IR measurements, pyrrole forms self-associated dimeric species via N–H⋯π hydrogen bonding. This was also confirmed by quantum chemical calculations for pyrrole monomer and dimer at B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. A T-shaped minimum was located on B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) PES of pyrrole dimer characterized with a hydrogen bond of an N–H⋯π type, with centers-of-mass separation of monomeric units of 4.520 Å, H⋯π distance of 2.475 Å, the interplanar angle between the two monomeric units being 72.9°. The anharmonic vibrational frequency shift upon dimer formation calculated on the basis of 1D DFT vibrational potentials is in excellent agreement with the experimental data (84 vs. 87 cm −1). Harmonic vibrational analysis predicts somewhat smaller shift (68 cm −1). On the basis of NIR spectroscopic data, anharmonicity constants for the 2 ν(N–H) and 2 ν(N–H⋯π) vibrational transitions were calculated. The orientational dynamics of monomeric and self-associated pyrrole species was studied within the framework of the transition dipole moment time correlation function formalism. The period of essentially free rotation in the condensed phase reduces from 0.05 ps for the monomeric pyrrole to 0.02 ps for the proton-donor molecule within the dimer.