Abstract
Grouting reinforcement is an important method used to solve problems encountered during tunnel construction, such as collapse and water gushing. The grouting diffusion process is greatly influenced by the structural characteristics of the fractures in a rock mass. First, an analytical grouting diffusion model of a single rough fracture under constant-pressure control is established based on the constitutive equation of a Bingham fluid. Second, the “quasi-elliptical” grouting diffusion pattern under the influence of roughness is revealed through a grouting diffusion experiment, which is conducted with an independently developed visualized testing apparatus. Furthermore, the analytical formula of roughness-corrected grouting diffusion characterized by the saw tooth density is established. Finally, an elaborate numerical simulation of the diffusion process of cement slurry (Bingham flow type) in a single rough fracture is carried out by introducing the Bingham–Papanastasiou rheological model. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the velocity field and pressure field during the grouting diffusion process are analyzed as well. Moreover, the method and range of the roughness correction factor in the analytical grouting diffusion model are proposed based on the fracture roughness unit.
Highlights
Collapse and gushing water disasters often occur due to the concealment and unpredictability of the geological conditions during the tunnel construction process
Many scholars have carried out research on the law and factors influencing grouting diffusion in fractures, which is often modeled based on a Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid, such as a power-law fluid and Bingham fluid [1,2,3,4]
Distribution, one-fourth of the sensors are selected analysis.ofInthe thegrouting groutingpressure diffusion process, the curves of the changing grouting are selected for the analysis
Summary
Collapse and gushing water disasters often occur due to the concealment and unpredictability of the geological conditions during the tunnel construction process. An effective control technique, can improve the strength of the surrounding rock and form a water blockage section to effectively improve and solve the abovementioned problems. This technique is quick, short in its time limit, simple in construction, and easy to control. The grouting diffusion process and the final effect are the result of the joint action of the fracture’s structural characteristics, grouting technology, and other factors. The study of the grouting diffusion process of a single rough fracture is the basis for investigating the grouting diffusion law in multi-dimensional space and practical engineering. T.Y.; Kandlikar, S.G. An experimental investigation of structured roughness effect on heat transfer during single-phase liquid flow at microscale.
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