Abstract
Dynamic impact tests using thin metal plates for ballistic characterization have received significant attention in recent years. The Johnson–Cook (J–C) model is extensively used in numerical modeling of impact and penetration in metals. The AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 301 steel family presents good impact behavior, excellent formability, and high corrosion resistance. Thus, NICRO (Nickel and Hard Chrome Plated Steel) 12.1 (part of the AISI 301 steel family) was chosen in this work, although parameters of the J–C model or impact results were not found in the literature. In this work, NICRO 12.1 steel plates, were characterized in ballistics with an initial impact velocity up to 200 m/s and three shape nose projectiles. The Johnson–Cook parameters for the NICRO 12.1 steel were calculated for a large range of temperatures and strain rates. Impact tests were carried out using three projectiles: conical, hemispherical, and blunt. The ballistic curves, failure mode, and maximum deformation obtained with each projectile, experimentally and numerically, were compared, and a good correlation was obtained.
Highlights
The impact performance of protective structures has been a recurrent study subject because of its application in numerous areas
The impact behavior of metal plates is a complex problem because it depends on a significant number of parameters of the projectile, the plate, and testing parameters [5,6,7]
The steel tested in this work is called NICRO 12.1, which is part of the AISI 301 and DIN 1.4310 steels families
Summary
The impact performance of protective structures has been a recurrent study subject because of its application in numerous areas. Dynamic impact tests using thin metal plates at room temperature of undeformable projectiles are commonly developed to characterize ballistic performance. Steel plates are used in armor plates because of their favorable properties (high strength, hardness, and moderate ductility) against the impact of projectiles. Plasticity and fracture properties of the material are crucial in the development of numerical models to reduce costs and time from experimental tests [3,4]. The impact behavior of metal plates is a complex problem because it depends on a significant number of parameters of the projectile (mainly projectile nose shape, length, initial impact velocity, diameter, and nose impact angle), the plate (mainly thickness, material hardness, monolithic plate or sandwich configuration), and testing parameters (initial temperature and boundary conditions) [5,6,7]
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