Abstract
This study introduces chaulmoogra oil as a base stock for lubricant formulation. The tribological properties of chaulmoogra oil are evaluated by quantitative structure-property relation (QSPR) technique using the molecular modelling package Spartan 18. The quantum chemical calculations were performed on a typical molecule of chaulmoogra oil and its constituent fatty acids. The orbital energy gap of the constituent fatty acids in chaulmoogra oil is 7.37 eV and that of chaulmoogra oil molecule is 6.8 eV, which is less than that of the lauric acid, the main constituent of coconut oil (7.78 eV). Orbital energy gap predicts a better tribological performance for chaulmoogra oil, and the four ball test result is in agreement with this prediction. Oxidative property of chaulmoogra oil is tested by isothermal thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and compared with different oils. Weight gain in oxygen is only 0.02% for chaulmoogra oil and showed better oxidative stability among all other tested oils.
Highlights
The oil determine the bulk properties of the oil
Quantitative structure-property relation (QSPR) is an inexpensive and fast technique to screen and evaluate triacylglycerides for industrial application [11, 12]. e antiwear characteristics of fatty acids and triacylglycerides hinge on the three phenomena: physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, and surface chemical reaction [13]. ese phenomena occur due to the interaction of the polar group in the fatty acids with the metallic surface
Hydroperoxides degrade to secondary oxidation products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, dimers, and polymers [15]. is leads to the rancidity of oil. e presence of various protons and cyclic fatty acids are confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Summary
E test is conducted using the four ball tester, Ducom Instruments, USA. E test conditions are as follows: three chromium alloy steel balls (12.7 mm diameter) are held together and immersed in the chaulmoogra oil. E test is conducted on samples of chaulmoogra oil, coconut oil, and sunflower oil. Ermo Nicolet Avatar 370 FTIR spectrometer is used for recording the infrared (IR) spectra. Isothermal TGA/DTA is performed on chaulmoogra oil at 150°C under oxygen and nitrogen environment. E standard test methods for oxidation stability specify the test condition as 150°C. The same temperature is specified for the isothermal TGA/DTA. En, it is switched over to oxygen at a flow rate of 100 ml/min and kept at the isothermal condition for 3 hrs to find the oxidation stability. OH (a) O (b) O (c) Figure 3: Structure of (a) hydnocarpic acid, (b) chaulmoogric acid, and (c) gorlic acid
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