Experimental and modelling studies of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase and structural transformations in a gamma TiAl-based alloy

Abstract

Abstract This work combines microscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermodynamic calculations in the characterisation of phase transformation behaviour of a Ti–46Al–1.9Cr–3Nb alloy upon continuous heating at constant rates. It has been found that the Ti–46Al–1.9Cr–3Nb alloy after being forged at 1200 °C without further treatment has a duplex microstructure consisting of fine equiaxed and lamellar γ grains with a small amount of α 2 plates and particles and about 1 wt.% B2 phase. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed reproducibly several thermal effects upon heating of the as-forged alloy. These thermal effects are related to the equilibration and homogenisation of the sample, change of phase ratios between α 2 , γ and B2 phases in particular the increase of B2 in respect to α 2 and γ, and the following five phase transformations: α 2 + γ + B2 ⇒ α + γ + B2, α + γ + B2 ⇒ α + γ, γ + α ⇒ α, α ⇒ α + β, α + β ⇒ α + β + L. The observation of these transformations by differential scanning calorimetry is largely in agreement with literature phase diagrams and thermodynamic calculations, though care is needed to consider the different alloy compositions. Kinetics of the γ + α ⇒ α phase transformation in the Ti–46Al–1.9Cr–3Nb alloy has been quantitatively derived from the calorimetry data, giving phase compositions at any point during the transformation upon continuous heating.