Abstract
Experimental and human population studies of DNA lesions in healthy individuals
Highlights
DNA damage by irradiation, chemicals and endogenous free radicals and further ineffective repair of these lesions are common cases of premature aging, cancer [1, 2], diabetes mellitus [3], neuropathies [4] and other diseases [5]
Treatment strategies of cancer and diabetes mellitus can be aimed at the DNA damage prevention and DNA repair enhancement [6, 7]
On the other hand DNA breaks and other lesions are involved in physiological processes like cell differentiation [8, 9]
Summary
DNA damage is a valuable biomarker in human molecular epidemiology being associated with many diseases. The level of DNA damage is influenced by intrinsic features of healthy persons: heredity, sex, age and body type. The objective of this review was to summarize data on DNA breakage level in healthy humans depending on their characteristics and to compare these data with experimental studies and observations on animals dealing with the same factors. In humans some gene polymorphisms are associated with [an] increased level of DNA damage, it is believed that environmental factors are more important. Experimental models provide evidence of increased levels of single- and double-strand breaks in obese animals. Human studies are not so convincing, an increase of double-strand breaks appears to be a more reproducible feature of DNA of overweight persons. Data on single-strand DNA breaks in aged persons are contradictory, but double strand breaks increase with age
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