Abstract
Solar-Wind systems are growing as a vital option to power different types of membrane desalination processes. It is becoming very important to use renewable power sources because of zero emissions to the environment. In this work, solar photovoltaic (PV) system is used to power on the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process. Meanwhile, Vertical Wind Turbine (VWT) system has been used as a recovery system during sun absence periods. Moreover, the possibilities to operate a hybrid system of PV-VWT combined with RO system has also investigated. The system is designed to desalinate a low rate of fresh water at a scale capacity of 0.1-1m3/day. The system is contained as a mobile unit which can be used to serve rural areas during safari and tourism travels in deserts with some features such as, compactness, stability, and ease of maintenance. The unit product cost (UPC, $/m3) is found in the range of 1.51$/m3.
Highlights
The Middle East and North Africa regions (MENA) have the world’s lowest per capita availability of water resources and the highest rate of reduction in these resources
This work is subjected to the matter of powering reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system by the use of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic and/or wind energy
The RO found directly combined with PV site and/or Vertical Wind Turbine (VWT) unit unlike the solar thermal power type
Summary
The Middle East and North Africa regions (MENA) have the world’s lowest per capita availability of water resources and the highest rate of reduction in these resources We conclude that if current hydrologic, climatic and socio-economic trends continue, the nations with the lowest gross domestic product per capita, like Egypt, Yemen and Libya, will undergo the highest water deficit per capita, leading to a significant rise in food prices, potentially resulting in more socio-economic instabilities over the three decades (Annamaria, 2018). The desalination of seawater and brackish water has become an increasingly important as well as effective process against the shortage of freshwater resources in the whole world, especially in the Saharan and the MENA regions All MENA countries have an abundant renewable energy potential that enhances the application of solar and/or wind technologies for powering desalination units in order to overcome the water shortage problems
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