Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this paper, investigations were performed on a dual-fueled constant-speed engine. Initially, the emissions and performance of a diesel engine were investigated, and after moving to the dual-fuel engine, experimental tests were carried out under different loads (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the full load) and pilot to gaseous fuel (PGF) ratios (30, 40, and 50%). The results showed that under different loads and PGF ratios, the emissions of nitrous oxides and particle materials in the dual mode were lower than those for the diesel engine, and that the difference was significant. The emission of carbon dioxide in the dual-fueled mode varied little compared to that of the diesel mode, although it was lower than that for the diesel engine. In loads lower than 75% of the full load, the emission of carbon monoxide in the diesel engine was lower than that for the dual-fueled engine. However, in full load, this result was reversed and had significant difference. The dual mode had lower hydrocarbon emission compared to that of the diesel mode in all PGF ratios and loads. A computational fluid dynamics-based numerical simulation was performed by KIVA3V, and its results showed good agreements with the experimental results under cylinder pressure.
Highlights
The supply of energy by using different low-cost resources with lower carbon footprints is an on-going research interest
Methane is a simple hydrocarbon with high hydrogen to carbon ratio without any C–C bonding, thereby causing clean combustion compared to other fossil fuels (Sahoo, Sahoo, & Saha, 2009)
After connecting the engine to a dynamometer, tests were performed on the diesel engine with different loads including 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the full load based on the ECER96 standard for steady-state constant speed engines (Table 3), and the exhaust emissions were measured (AVL DICOM 4000) under each test condition
Summary
The supply of energy by using different low-cost resources with lower carbon footprints is an on-going research interest. This has been further motivated by the fact that fossil fuels as energy carriers are depleting and, more importantly, that their large-scale utilization. Is a major cause of environmental pollution. Methane is a simple hydrocarbon with high hydrogen to carbon ratio without any C–C bonding, thereby causing clean combustion compared to other fossil fuels (Sahoo, Sahoo, & Saha, 2009). Using methane with diesel fuel in a dual combustion is a potential route to reduce pollution in urban and industrial zones (Di Iorio, Magno, Mancaruso, & Vaglieco, 2017). Natural gas (NG) is a hydrocarbon gas mixture primarily consisting of methane (Mittal, Donahue, Winnie, & Gillette, 2015)
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