Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees, generally known as “king of bitters,” is an herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae. In China, India, Thailand, and Malaysia, this plant has been widely used for treating sore throat, flu, and upper respiratory tract infections. Andrographolide, a major bioactive chemical constituent of the plant, has shown anticancer potential in various investigations. Andrographolide and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models asthma, stroke, and arthritis. In recent years, pharmaceutical chemists have synthesized numerous andrographolide derivatives, which exhibit essential pharmacological activities such as those that are anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, antifeedant, and antiviral. However, what is noteworthy about this paper is summarizing the effects of andrographolide against cardiovascular disease, platelet activation, infertility, and NF-κB activation. Therefore, this paper is intended to provide evidence reported in relevant literature on qualitative research to assist scientists in isolating and characterizing bioactive compounds.
Highlights
Andrographolide has been reported to have a wide range of biological activities, such as those that are anti-inflammatory [12], antiallergic [13], antiplatelet aggregation [14, 15], hepatoprotective [16], and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [17]
A recent study demonstrated that A. paniculata polysaccharides combined with andrographolide can ease the recovery of diabetic nephropathy [18]
We demonstrated for the first time that andrographolide inhibited p65 Ser536 phosphorylation, reduced nuclear translocation of p65, and diminished p65 kB oligonucleotide binding in LPS/IFN-γstimulated rat VSMCs [129]
Summary
In India, A. paniculata is known as “Kalmegh”; in China it is known as “Chuan-Xin-Lian”; in Thailand it is known as “Fah Tha Lai”; in Malaysia it is known as “Hempedu bumi”; in Japan it is known as “Senshinren”; and in Scandinavian countries it is known as “green chiretta” [1] Extracts of this plant and andrographolide exhibit pharmacological activities such as those that are immunostimulatory [1, 2], antiviral [3], and antibacterial [4]. Andrographolide has been reported to have a wide range of biological activities, such as those that are anti-inflammatory [12], antiallergic [13], antiplatelet aggregation [14, 15], hepatoprotective [16], and anti-HIV [17] In addition to these activities, the ability of ethanol or an aqueous extract of A. paniculata to decrease blood glucose levels in normal rats or streptozotocin diabetic rats has been documented [18]. A recent study demonstrated that A. paniculata polysaccharides combined with andrographolide can ease the recovery of diabetic nephropathy [18]
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