Abstract
Spatial modulation (SM) as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique is a solution suitable which offers, with low system complexity and cost, improved spectral efficiency compared to single-input-single-output (SISO) systems. Moreover, the transmission chain is simplified which decreases energy consumption. This paper aims to analyze the SM system transmission under different line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) propagation scenarios. The analysis of the SM system performance is based on both simulations and experimental results and the bit error rate (BER) is tackled. Concerning the experimental results, two strategies are considered in order to configure the propagation channel. One method consists in constructing a controlled propagation environment. More precisely, the multipath channel’s Rician K-factor is imposed by configuring the power levels of the LOS and of the NLOS components. The second method consists in performing over-the-air transmissions on a realistic propagation channel. A channel sounding method allows us to measure the channel characteristics. The experimental results are confronted with the system-level simulation results, good agreement between experimental and simulation results are obtained. The results show that the SM system can maintain the performance in multipath propagation in the presence of indirect paths for both two proposed propagation environments.
Highlights
I N recent years, index modulation techniques have exhibited great potential in the scenarios foreseen in nextgeneration wireless networks [1]
Our research focuses on conventional 2 × 2 spatial modulation (SM) systems, part of it is due to the hardware limitation, and the other part is that we mainly analyze the impact of hardware and channel environment on SM system performance
Because the SM system requires traditional symbol demodulation at the receiver side, and needs the estimation of the information bit encoded by the transmitting antenna which is based on channel state information (CSI), it is especially important to study the performance of SM in more complex channel environments and realistic scenarios
Summary
I N recent years, index modulation techniques have exhibited great potential in the scenarios foreseen in nextgeneration wireless networks [1]. SM systems combine modulation on spatial resources with conventional complex modulation In this way, it exploits the index of the transmitting antennas to convey additional information bits. Because the SM system requires traditional symbol demodulation at the receiver side, and needs the estimation of the information bit encoded by the transmitting antenna which is based on CSI, it is especially important to study the performance of SM in more complex channel environments and realistic scenarios. It was shown that the experimental results align closely with simulated ones under a Rician channel with K = 2.5 This confirms the feasibility of SSK implementation in an over-the-air environment, but the channel model is relatively simple. Under three typical mixed LOS/NLOS propagation environments, the simulation results concerning the BER performance are verified by the experimental implementation.
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