Abstract
This paper experimentally analyzes the critical current degradation and AC (alternating current) losses of second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape during the impregnation process. Two impregnation materials were utilized: Gallium-Indium-Tin (GaInSn), and an epoxy resin, Araldite. The critical current of the impregnation materials was measured after different thermal cycles and compared with the tape with no impregnation process. The experimental results show that the critical current of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) short samples varies between differently impregnated materials. The resin, Araldite, degraded the critical current; however, the GaInSn showed no degradation. Two degradation patterns with Araldite were identified due to the impregnation process, and the corresponding causes were analyzed. We further measured the AC losses of tapes impregnated with liquid metal at different frequencies, up to 600 Hz. Based on the experimental results, GaInSn liquid metal should be the most suitable impregnation material in terms of critical current degradation.
Highlights
Cryogenic coolers have been widely used in superconducting devices for their advantages in terms of easy maintenance and economical operations
This paper aims to experimentally analyze the influence of the impregnation process on the critical current and alternating current (AC) loss of short
Our experiments reveal that the usage of GaInSn doesn’t degrade the critical current, and two possible reasons are identified; (2) This paper experimentally investigates the electric field-current (E-I) curves of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) tape impregnated by Araldite and two patterns—a resistive pattern and a skyrocketing pattern—are observed for the first time; (3) We further explore the skyrocketing pattern by inserting direct current (DC) with a different ramp rate and find that the skyrocketing pattern shows a ramp rate dependency, which is due to thermal phenomenon
Summary
Cryogenic coolers have been widely used in superconducting devices for their advantages in terms of easy maintenance and economical operations. A lot of materials have been explored for both low-temperature superconducting and high-temperature superconducting coils Animal wax, such as beeswax, as well as petroleum-derived waxes, such as paraffin, were used in low-temperature magnets for a long time [3]. They were used as magnet coil filling agents to minimize the probability of thermal runaway events that can result from micro fracturing while impregnating the superconducting coils. These waxes have high thermal expansion and low thermal conductivity, and cracks emerge and develop quickly if the temperature is changed swiftly
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