Abstract
This paper focuses on an analysis of selected control methods in solar heating systems. Proportional, ON-OFF, and new proposed IPC control methods were tested. Experimental tests were conducted under natural conditions using the author’s method of clustering measurement days. In the form of thermal energy gains in the storage tanks, the results for all tested control methods are presented. The ON-OFF control method is suitable for low variability of solar radiation conditions but is ineffective under dynamic solar radiation conditions. The proportional controllers collect thermal energy under high variability solar radiation effectively, but they tend to cause thermal drifts from the system under high heat load. The proposed IPC control method prevents the waste of heat energy and makes more efficient use of the high and dynamic solar radiation. In conclusion, energy gains depend more on the level of solar radiation and less on its variability. However, the variability of solar radiation makes control in solar systems more challenging, and it is one of the factors that should determine the control strategy. The novelty of this work is based on an extension of the control algorithm by adding the temperature at the entry and exit of the solar coil. This makes it possible to eliminate thermal drift and observe the intensity of heat transfer to the water in the tank.
Highlights
According to recent studies, a clear reduction in the reservoir of commonly used fossil fuels will soon begin to be perceptible within the decades [1,2]
This paper focuses on an analysis of three control methods in solar heating systems
Comparative studies of control systems in solar thermal systems under natural conditions are hampered by varying meteorological conditions
Summary
A clear reduction in the reservoir of commonly used fossil fuels will soon begin to be perceptible within the decades [1,2]. The alternative is to use renewable sources: wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, hydroelectric energy, geothermal energy, or ambient heat [3,4]. Their use has many benefits, including reducing the pollutant emission into the atmosphere and reducing the greenhouse effect [5,6]. We can observe great development of the subject related to solar technology. This has only taken place in the development of solar collectors and system design [7,8,9]. Research papers on the control in solar thermal systems are mostly of a review nature [13,14]
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