Abstract
Acute mastitis was produced by inoculating 10 6 cfu Staphylococcus aureus into normal lactating-mouse mammary glands. Rapid multiplication of bacteria occurred, with the production of alpha toxin, liquefactive necrosis, and death. Intramammary administration of sodium cloxacillin simultaneously with, or soon after, infection prevented clinical disease and reduced bacterial numbers, whereas treatment of more advanced disease was unsuccessful. Higher concentrations of cloxacillin occurred in mastitic glands than in normal glands. The distribution of [ 35S]-labelled cloxacillin, as assessed by an autoradiographic technique, was good in normal but impaired in mastitic glands. Nevertheless, inhibitory concentrations were achieved throughout the diseased tissue. After treatment with cloxacillin many staphylococci were gram-negative; grampositive cocci were also seen, especially in association with neutrophils. Failure of treatment in the late stages of the disease was attributed to high bacterial numbers and decelerated multiplication.
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