Abstract
This paper investigates frequency deviation during imperfect resonant conditions through FEM simulations and experimental measurements using a one-way mixing technique. Waveforms of resonant waves are determined to change significantly from a diamond shape to certain toneburst trains as frequency deviation increases. The critical limit of frequency deviation for aluminum is obtained within ±7%. In the case of quasi-collinear mixing, scanning experimental results show that the received amplitude of the mixing wave increases with increasing mixing distance, and a special angle of the mixing wave in FEM simulations is found to explain this trend.
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