Abstract
Polymers vary from liquids and soft rubbers to very hard and rigid solids. Many structural factors determine the nature of the mechanical behavior of such materials. In considering structure-property relationships, polymers can be classified into several regimes. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) or dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) provides a method for determining elastic and loss moduli of polymers as a function of temperature, frequency or time, or both. Visco-elasticity describes the time-dependent mechanical properties of polymers, which can behave as either elastic solids or viscous liquids. DMA can be applied to a wide range of materials using the different sample fixture configurations and deformation modes. By comparison to known materials, this procedure can be used to evaluate degree of phase separation in multicomponent systems, amount type, dispersion of filler, degree of polymer crystallinity, effects of certain pretreatment, and stiffness of polymer composites. Dynamic mechanical experiments effectively yield both the elastic modulus of the material and its mechanical damping, or energy dissipation characteristics.
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