Abstract
Thermal analysis refers to a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance and its reaction product is measured as a function of temperature. This chapter provides an overview of differential thermal analysis (DTA), emphasizing on its quantitative development and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is observed that DSC curves reflect changes in the energy of the system, changes that can be either physical or chemical in origin. DSC measures the heat required to maintain the same temperature in the sample versus an appropriate reference material in a furnace. Enthalpy changes due to change of state of the sample are also discussed. In DTA, temperature difference is determined, rather than enthalpy differences between the sample and the reference material, which is done in DSC. DSC is also used to measure a number of important physical changes in a polymer. These include the glass transition temperature (Tg), the crystallization temperature (Tc), the melt temperature (Tm), and the degradation or decomposition temperature (TD).
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