Experiences with live-capture and radio collaring of lynx Lynx lynx in Norway

The dose-response relationship of alcohol and injury and the effects of country-level detrimental drinking pattern (DDP) and alcohol control policy on this relationship are examined for specific causes of injury. The dose-response risk of injury is analyzed on 18,627 injured patients in 22 countries included in the International Collaborative Alcohol and Injury Study, using case-crossover analysis by cause of injury (traffic, violence, falls, other), DDP, and the International Alcohol Policy and Injury Index. Risk of all injury was higher at all volume levels in higher DDP countries compared to lower DDP countries and for each cause of injury. Risk of injury from traffic was significantly greater in higher DDP than lower DDP countries at 3.1 to 6 drinks (odds ratio (OR)=2.64, confidence interval (CI)=1.17 to 5.97) and at ≤3 drinks for falls (OR=2.51, CI=1.52 to 4.16) and injuries from other causes (OR=1.72, CI=1.10 to 2.69). Countries with higher restrictive alcohol policy were at a lower risk of injury at lower levels of consumption (≤3 drinks) for all injuries (OR=0.72, CI=0.56 to 0.92) and for injuries from other causes (OR=0.46, CI=0.29 to 0.73) and at a lower risk of traffic injuries at higher levels of consumption (≥10 drinks). At higher levels of consumption (≥10 drinks), countries with higher alcohol policy restrictiveness were at greater risk of all injuries (OR=2.03, CI=1.29 to 3.20) and those from violence (OR=9.02, CI=3.00 to 27.13) and falls (OR=4.29, CI=1.86 to 9.91). Countries with high DDP are at higher risk of injury from most causes at a given level of consumption, while countries with low restrictiveness of alcohol policy are at higher risk of injury at lower levels of consumption and at higher risk of traffic injuries at high levels of consumption. These findings underscore the importance of aggregate-level factors which need to be considered in developing effective intervention and prevention strategies for reducing alcohol-related injury.

BackgroundGlobal warming and increasing extreme weather have become a severe problem in recent years, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Research exploring the link between injury as one of the leading causes of death globally and ambient temperature was lacking. Based on the hourly injury emergency ambulance dispatch (IEAD) records from 2019–2021 in the main urban area of Chongqing, this study explored the role of temperature extremes on the pathogenesis of injury by different mechanisms and identified sensitive populations for different mechanisms of injury.MethodsIn this study, we collected hourly injury emergency ambulance dispatch (IEAD) records from Chongqing Emergency Dispatch Center in the main urban area of Chongqing from 2019 to 2021, and used a distributed lagged nonlinear model (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson distribution to evaluate the association between ambient temperature and IEADs. And the stratified analysis was performed by gender, age and different injury mechanisms to identify susceptible groups. Finally, the attributable burden of ambient extreme temperatures was also investigated.ResultsThe risk for total IEADs increased significantly at high temperature (32 °C) compared with optimal temperature (9 °C) (CRR: 1.210; 95%CI[1.127,1.300]). The risks of traffic accident injury (CRR: 1.346; 95%CI[1.167,1.552]), beating injury (CRR: 1.508; 95%CI[1.165,1.952]), fall-height injury (CRR: 1.871; 95%CI[1.196–2.926]) and injury of sharp penetration (CRR: 2.112; 95%CI[1.388–3.213]) were significantly increased. At low temperature (7 °C), the risk of fall injury (CRR: 1.220; 95% CI [1.063,1.400]) increased significantly. Lag for 24 hours at extreme low temperature (5 °C), the risk of 18–45 years (RR: 1.016; 95%CI[1.009,1.024]) and over 60 years of age (RR: 1.019; 95%CI[1.011,1.025]) increased significantly. The effect of 0 h delay in extreme high temperature (36 °C) on males aged 18–45 years (RR: 1.115; 95%CI[1.071,1.162]) and 46–59 years (RR: 1.069; 95%CI[1.023,1.115]) had significant impact on injury risk.ConclusionsThis study showed that ambient temperature was significantly related to the risk of injury, and different mechanisms of injury were affected differently by extreme temperature. The increasing risk of traffic accident injury, beating injury, fall-height injury and sharp penetrating injury was associated with extreme heat, while fall injury was associated with extreme cold. The risk of injury in high temperature environment was mainly concentrated in males and young adults. The results of this study can help to identify the sensitive population with different injury mechanisms in extreme temperature environment, and provide reference for public health emergency departments to respond to relevant strategies in extreme temperature environment to minimize the potential risk to the public.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00224.

Introduction: Several studies have shown associations between an increase in precipitation and a higher frequency of traffic accidents; a few have examined the relationship between high temperatures and motor vehicle crashes. However, to our knowledge, no studies exist assessing how extreme events, projected to grow in frequency, intensity, and duration in response to our changing climate, will impact the risk of injury from motor vehicle accidents. Our study quantified the association between frequency of extreme heat and precipitation events and change in injury risk from motor vehicle accident in Maryland between 2000 and 2012. Methods: Motor vehicle accident data was obtained from the Maryland Automated Accident Reporting System. Each observation in the data set corresponded to a unique collision event. A time-stratified case-crossover design was utilized to assess the association between exposure to extreme heat and precipitation events and risk of injury or death from motor vehicle accident. Additional stratified analyses examined risk by road type and season. Results: Over the study period, there were 461,009 motor vehicle accidents that resulted in injury or death. We observed an 18% increase (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.19) in risk of motor vehicle injury for every 1-day increase in extreme precipitation event, with the highest risk (29%) observed during autumn (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.32). Extreme precipitation related increase in motor vehicle injury was considerably higher when a road defect or obstruction was present (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.52). Changes in risk associated with extreme heat events were generally marginal. Conclusion: Extreme precipitation events, particularly in conjunction with a road defect or obstruction, are associated with an increased risk of injury from motor vehicle accidents in Maryland. Our results suggest that projected increases in frequency of extreme precipitation event will have a significant impact on public health.

Detailed evaluation of the risk of infraorbital nerve injury in postoperative maxillary cyst surgery.

Chéradame, J, Loursac, R, Piscione, J, Carling, C, Decq, P, and Jacqmin-Gadda, H. Impact of weekly training-load structure and content on the risk of injury in professional Rugby Union match-play. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1613-1619, 2024-The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different components of daily training load during the week preceding the match on the risk of sustaining a match injury in professional rugby union. A cohort of 72 players from a single professional French club participated. Global positioning system-derived data including total distance (TD) and high-speed distance in addition to ratings of perceived effort (RPE) for both on- and off-pitch (gym-based strength conditioning work) training were collected for each training session over 3 seasons (2017-2020). The association between the daily measures of external and internal training load over the week preceding the day of the match (MD) and the subsequent risk of injury in match-play was estimated using a mixed-effects logistic model adjusted for contextual and individual factors. A total of 184 injuries were sustained in 128 matches (incidence: 81.2 injuries per 1,000 player hours). Higher RPE values for the strength conditioning session on MD-5 ( p < 0.001) and for the on-pitch session on MD-1 ( p = 0.04) were associated with an increased risk of injury in matches. On MD-2, a higher TD covered and that run at high speed (>MAS) were, respectively, associated with a higher ( p = 0.03) and lower risk ( p = 0.02) of injury in matches played. This study in professional rugby union shows that different components of external and internal load had varying influences on injury risk and particularly in relation to the day on which these were performed in the week leading up to the next match. At MD-2, training load favoring intensity rather than volume could reduce the risk of match-play injury.

Association between ambient temperature and injury by intentions and mechanisms: A case-crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model

Objective: The aim was to use similar population data to examine the relative risk of collision injury among children of different ages and adolescents involved in various collision types and to elucidate the possible risk factors related to road collisions involving children and adolescents in a large, 2-wheeled vehicle environment. Methods: We used data from a society with a large population of motorcyclists to examine the relative risk of injury among children and adolescents aged 0 to 6, 7 to 9, 10 to 12, 13 to 15, and 16 to 17 years old who were involved in single motorized vehicle, multiple motorized vehicle, bicycle-to-vehicle, and pedestrian-to-vehicle collisions. Police reports for 73,232 collision injuries between the years 2003 and 2009 were analyzed using multicategory logit models of the 4 collision types. Results: Young (particularly 0- to 6-year-old) child bicyclists and pedestrians were the most sensitive to several factors. In collisions, young child bicyclists making U-turns or being struck by forward-moving or right-turning motorized vehicles, on local roads, during the daytime, or at locations without traffic signals had the greatest risk of injury. Similarly, young child pedestrians running, during the daytime, or at locations without traffic signals had a significant risk of injury. After controlling for other factors, we found that 4-wheeled motorized vehicles, not motorcycles, presented a higher risk for injury to child passengers, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Conclusions: The risk of collision injury varied for the different groups of children in the 4 collision types. To reduce the risk of injury for young children, we recommend the development of road-crossing training tools for parents. In addition, the behaviors of children should be taken into consideration when developing in-vehicle assistance systems.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported to increase the risk of motor vehicle accidents. However, only few studies have investigated the effects of OSA on overall risk injury. The aim of study is to investigate whether OSA increases the risk of overall injury. The data were collected during 2000–2015 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 8901 individuals diagnosed with OSA were inpatients, or outpatients at least three times were enrolled. Finally, 6915 participants with OSA were included as the study cohort. We matched the study cohort with a comparison cohort, at a ratio of 1:4. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association between OSA and overall injury. Patients with OSA had 83.1% increased risk of overall injury, compared to non-OSA individuals [adjusted hazards ratio (HR) = 1.831, confidence interval (CI) = 1.674–2.020, p < 0.001]. In the stratified age group, patients aged ≧65 years had the highest risk of injury (adjusted HR= 2.014; CI = 1.842–2.222, p < 0.001). Patients with OSA were at a higher risk of falls, traffic injury, poisoning, suffocation, suicide, and abuse or homicide than non-OSA individuals, with falls and traffic injury as the leading causes of injuries. The data demonstrated that patients with OSA have a higher risk of overall injury. The study results can be a reference for developing injury prevention strategies in the future. The general population and clinicians should have more awareness regarding OSA and its negative effects on injury development.

Background: All-inside techniques for meniscal repairs offer comparable outcomes and healing rates with reduced operative time and fewer incisions; however, iatrogenic neurovascular injuries during arthroscopic meniscal repairs are a significant concern. Purpose: To identify the zones of risk and incidence of injury concerning the common peroneal nerve (CPN) and popliteal artery in relation to the popliteal tendon (PT) from the anterolateral (AL) and anteromedial (AM) portals during a simulated all-inside technique in the pediatric population. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Using axial knee magnetic resonance imaging scans of 124 patients, the all-inside technique was simulated by drawing direct lines from the AM and AL portals to the medial and lateral borders of the PT. If the line came into contact with the CPN, a risk of projected iatrogenic CPN injury was found. Measurements were then recorded to assess and define “risk zones.” A similar simulation was performed in relation to the popliteal artery to assess distance to projected iatrogenic injury. Results: The risk of CPN injury was significantly higher when using the AL portal (45%) compared with the AM portal (19%) when simulating repair at the lateral edge of the PT ( P &lt; .001). Similarly, there was a significantly higher risk of peroneal nerve injury when using the AM portal (29%) compared with the AL portal (8.9%) when simulating repair from the medial edge of the PT ( P &lt; .001). The risk of injury when repairing the body of the lateral meniscus through the AM portal extended 2.20 ± 0.98 mm laterally from the lateral edge of the PT and 3.14 ± 1.92 mm medially from the medial edge of the PT. The risk of injury when repairing the body of the lateral meniscus through the AL portal extended 2.58 ± 1.31 mm lateral to the lateral edge of the PT and 2.02 ± 1.61 mm medial to the medial edge of the PT. Conclusion: The authors found that the AM portal was safer for repairing the body of the lateral meniscus while simulating repair at the lateral edge of the PT, while the AL portal was safer for repairing the lateral meniscus while simulating repair from the medial edge of the PT. Clinical Relevance: By understanding these risk profiles, surgeons can adopt safer approaches for meniscal repairs in pediatric patients, thereby minimizing the likelihood of injuring sensitive neurovascular structures.

BackgroundCitizen responder programs are implemented worldwide to dispatch volunteer citizens to participate in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, the risk of injuries in relation to activation is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the risk of physical injury for dispatched citizen responders.Methods and ResultsSince September 2017, citizen responders have been activated through a smartphone application when located close to a suspected cardiac arrest in the Capital Region of Denmark. A survey was sent to all activated citizen responders, including a specific question about risk of acquiring an injury during activation. We included all surveys from September 1, 2017, to May 15, 2020. From May 15, 2019, to May 15, 2020, we followed up on all survey nonresponders by phone call, e‐mail, or text messages to examine if nonresponders were at higher risk of severe or fatal injuries. In 1665 suspected out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests, 9574 citizen responders were dispatched and 76.6% (7334) answered the question regarding physical injury. No injury was reported by 99.3% (7281) of the responders. Being at risk of physical injury was reported by 0.3% (24), whereas 0.4% (26) reported an injury (25 minor injuries and 1 severe injury [ankle fracture]). When following up on nonresponders (2472), we reached 99.1% (2449). No one reported acquired injuries, and only 1 reported being at risk of injury.ConclusionsWe found low risk of physical injury reported by volunteer citizen responders dispatched to out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Risk of injury should be considered and monitored as a safety measure in citizen responder programs.

The risk of injury in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A nationwide, matched-cohort, population-based study in Taiwan

Risk factors for occupational injuries in schools among educators and support staff

Association between ambient temperature and mammalian-related injuries in Guangzhou, China, 2014–2019

It is widely accepted that persons with flat or high-arched feet are at increased risk of exercise-associated injury, even though this purported association has not been scientifically evaluated. We evaluate the risk of exercise-associated injury among young men with flat, normal, and high-arched feet. A prospective study of 246 US Army Infantry trainees followed up over a rigorous 12-week training program. All subjects were evaluated prior to onset of training. Evaluation included photographs of the right, weight-bearing foot that were digitized and utilized to make several measures of arch height. An army initial entry training center. All trainees beginning army training on 2 successive weeks were potential volunteers. There were no criteria for exclusion other than declining to participate (n = 3). The subjects were healthy, active young men with a mean age of 20.3 years. The occurrence of a lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury resulting in a visit to and a diagnosis by an army physician or physician assistant. Treating physicians and physician assistants were blind to participation status and were not study staff members. On univariate analysis, there was an association between arch height and risk of injury using several alternative operational definitions of foot type. The 20% with the flattest feet were at the lowest risk (reference group; odds ratio, 1.0), with adjusted odds ratios for any musculoskeletal injury of 3.0 (P < .05) for the middle 60% group and 6.1 (P < .05) for the highest 20% group. These findings do not support the hypothesis that low-arched individuals are at increased risk of injury, and they have implications for runners, exercise enthusiasts, and clinicians. It may be possible to prevent substantial morbidity among active populations by identifying individuals at high risk and advising alternate activities.

BackgroundDespite the relevance for occupational safety policies, the health effects of temperature on occupational injuries have been scarcely investigated. A nationwide epidemiological study was carried out to estimate the risk of injuries for workers exposed to extreme temperature and identify economic sectors and jobs most at risk. Materials and methodsThe daily time series of work-related injuries in the industrial and services sector from the Italian national workers' compensation authority (INAIL) were collected for each of the 8090 Italian municipalities in the period 2006–2010. Daily air temperatures with a 1 × 1 km resolution derived from satellite land surface temperature data using mixed regression models were included. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to estimate the association between daily mean air temperature and injuries at municipal level. A meta-analysis was then carried out to retrieve national estimates. The relative risk (RR) and attributable cases of work-related injuries for an increase in mean temperature above the 75th percentile (heat) and for a decrease below the 25th percentile (cold) were estimated. Effect modification by gender, age, firm size, economic sector and job type were also assessed. ResultsThe study considered 2,277,432 occupational injuries occurred in Italy in the period 2006–2010. There were significant effects for both heat and cold temperatures. The overall relative risks (RR) of occupational injury for heat and cold were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.14–1.21) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.17–1.30), respectively. The number of occupational injuries attributable to temperatures above and below the thresholds was estimated to be 5211 per year. A higher risk of injury on hot days was found among males and young (age 15–34) workers occupied in small-medium size firms, while the opposite was observed on cold days. Construction workers showed the highest risk of injuries on hot days while fishing, transport, electricity, gas and water distribution workers did it on cold days. ConclusionsPrevention of the occupational exposure to extreme temperatures is a concern for occupational health and safety policies, and will become a critical issue in future years considering climate change. Epidemiological studies may help identify vulnerable jobs, activities and workers in order to define prevention plans and training to reduce occupational exposure to extreme temperature and the risk of work-related injuries.