Experience of Moral Philosophy in Formation of Economic Theory

Abstract

The most important function of moral philosophy is substantiation of ethic foundation of human economic activities. However, philosophy, as a theoretical form of ideology, does not simply declare general moral postulates that determine economic activities but test the problem of anthropological and gnoseological preconditions of certain economic theories. These preconditions are the totality of implicit ideas of what human is. These preconditions are a basis of subject reflection of a certain theory, but they are not subject to critical reflection of economists. The purpose of the research is consideration of the role of moral philosophy in thematization of anthropological and gnoseological preconditions of economic theory. The purpose of the research is to study the significance of the theory of justice of John Rawls and, in particular, of the offered theoretical construct “just individual” as one of the possible variants of “homo economicus.”