Experience of Foreign Countries in Import Substitution Policy in Oil and Gas Industry

Abstract

The article analyses experience of foreign countries in import substitution policy in oil and gas industry as an important part of industrial development of national economies and effective use of natural resources on the example of such countries as Brazil, Norway and Great Britain. The considerable role of the state, its ministries and departments is underlined in forming and realization of import substitution policy and consists in the development of regulatory basis, introduction of requirements on localization of production, concessionary financing of enterprises from budget and off-budget sources, development of national standards of product quality, application of special custom regimes and decline in tax rates. Drawn a conclusion about efficiency of oil and gas clusters for the development of national production of goods and services.Identifying features of inside- and out- side-based strategies of import substitution are educed and realized in Brazil and Norway. Taking into account all obtained results, the strategy of mixed-based import substitution is defined as the most acceptable to application in Russian oil and gas industry.Its essence consists in the necessity for industry enterprises to combine strategies of substituting for selective number of import products, that doesn`t have sufficient amount of analogues on the territory of the country, and strategy of creation of new modern import substitution productions that oriented on export where it`s economically reasonable.