Abstract
Since the 1940s on the territory of the Raifsky site of Bolshoy Volzhsko-Kamsky biospherical reserve (BVKBR) "UNESCO" the geomorphological conditions are subject to very detailed study. The study of modern geomorphological phenomena and processes on the territory of the Raifsky reserve was the main purpose of the work and geomorphological studies. Formation of the relief the territory under study is closely connected with the history of development of the valley of the Volga River. The territory of the reserve is very heterogeneous by morphology, genesis and history of the development of land forms. It is important to identify the interaction of the relief with the processes of territory development and settlement, i.e. geomorphological conditions are the pledge of successful development of the region. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n24p448
Highlights
Relief is the main element of the landscape
Quarternary alluvial deposits of the Volga river are underlain by sandy-clayey alluvial-lacustrine sediments of the Pliocene, among which the limestone and dolomite rocks of the Kazan layer of the upper sheds of the Permian system are locally preserved
Measurement technique to study the current dynamics and the specific methodology for the organization of sites varies depending on characteristics of the study of relief-forming processes and the areal coverage of researches, when the point and profile observations were applied
Summary
Relief is the main element of the landscape. Many exogenous factors act influence the environment through the relief, which gives it special significance as the characteristic of the human living environment, as far as in the same climatic and structural-tectonic conditions the natural and antropogenous components of ecosystems develop differently, but in close cooperation with each another as well [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Within 6 - 7 km to the North from the Lake Belobezvodnoe, near the north-eastern border of the Raifsky area the alluvium of the upper terrace leans against the terrains of the Upper Perm that compose the left valley slope of the valley of the Volga river and the surrounding it denudation plain of 170 - 200 meters height. The middle terrace stretches by the wide (10 - 12 km) strip from the West – North-West to the East – South-East It has a wavy surface separated by the valleys of the river Sumka and its drying-up left tributary Ser-Bulak, by smoothslope, often bogged up hollows. On the watershed divides between the valleys, ravines and cloughs the absolute altitude marks range within 100 - 120 m They are close to the level of the primary accumulative surface of the terrace which probably does not exceed 120 - 125 meters. The slope of the terrace is not forest, it is formed by diluvial clay loam and separated by numerous small gullies that accelerate erosion and gravity processes
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