Abstract
More sophisticated electrothermal graphite atomizers for solid samples on the basis of single-chamber crucibles (and rods) can be designed to solve problems of the determination of trace rare elements by atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Two- and three-chamber models of atomizers consist of vertically arranged and independently heated graphite blocks, such as crucibles, rods, cylinders, and cells (block-modular design principle). The atomizers are multipurpose and specialized for solving analytical problems through the suppression of the effect of matrix components and the separation/preconcentration of the analytes directly in the working volume.
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