Abstract
Biological membrane reactors or membrane bioreactors (MBRs) based on pressure separation techniques are placed among the latest and most modern methods of wastewater treatment. Currently, this method is becoming more and more popular and is being implemented in smaller and larger wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, technologists, operators, and managers of small WWTPs often do not understand the MBR technology installed in their sites and need extensive professional and technological information. The aim of this study was to analyze the modernized WWTP in a small town of Wydminy, located in northeastern Poland in the Great Masurian Lakes region, where the traditional secondary settling tank was replaced by an MBR. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment before modernization and after installation of the membrane module was compared. On the basis of the conducted research, it was noted that the operation of the plant after modernization is more cost-intensive. There were additional electricity costs due to ensuring adequate pressure on the membrane. Nevertheless, the obtained results of the removal of contaminants place the plant in Wydminy in the group of the most effective Polish sewage treatment plants, as compared to the results obtained in other facilities. The MBR operation also places high demands on the exploiters, prompting them to observe even the smallest changes. The conducted research is a type of a case study, which could give the readers an understanding of the necessity of traditional WWTP modernization with MBR.
Highlights
With the invention of biological membrane reactors or membrane bioreactors (MBRs), wastewater treatment technology climbed to another level
In 1997, the first MBR installation was completed in Europe, as part of the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Porlock, United Kingdom (UK)
The extended time of sewage and sludge storage in the particular chambers led to the release of significant amounts of floating parts, which were not retained in the settling tanks and flowed to the receiver together with the treated sewage
Summary
With the invention of biological membrane reactors or membrane bioreactors (MBRs), wastewater treatment technology climbed to another level. These devices, based on pressure separation techniques, are among the latest and most modern methods of wastewater treatment. The first MBR was installed in 1960 in the United States of America and introduced by DorrOliver, while, a few years later, the one was introduced in Tokyo Japan. In 1997, the first MBR installation was completed in Europe, as part of the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Porlock, United Kingdom (UK). There is a rapid development of solutions used in this technology (materials, membrane modules, installation methods). Taking into account climate change and limited water resources, further intensive development of the MBR
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